Marsa Alam sits on the T-junction between the Red Sea coast road and the road from Edfu which sits on the Nile river about 230km (142mi) inland. This road, which was probably originally built by Ptolemy II in the Greek period, passes through some historic landscape where the ancient Egyptians mined much of their gold. Several gold mining operations are known.  Just off this road are found two areas, called Wadi Barmiya, and about about 30 kilometers further into the mountains. Wadi Baramiya extends into another larger Wadi named Miya, where a temple was built by, among others, Seti I.  Both areas were probably gold mining communities. 

In addition, a wealth of rock inscriptions from as early as the predynastic period may also be found along this route near Marsa Alam.  Here, the smooth rock faces were an ideal canvas for ancient graffiti, which dates from the earliest times right up until the present. The ancient graffiti depicts animals, including giraffes and cattle, but also includes hunting scenes, such as an ostrich hunt with dogs. Unfortunately, with the expansion of this road, many if not all of these inscriptions will be soon lost. 

While this road in ancient times was used for the gold mining trade, archaeologists believe its main use was as a trade route between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea where an important ancient port was located.

Today, Marsa Alam remains a fairly small tourist town, but we may expect to see considerable development in the very near future. The airport is actually part of a larger development project designed to create a state of the art resort area in Port Ghaleb, including both a 1,000 berth marina and port, with a dock-side harbor, yacht club and spa, along with a highly animated town center and a corniche around the marina area. On the corniche will be shops, galleries, boutiques, restaurants and bistros, nightclubs, discos and a casino. In addition, there will be a conference center and festival hall, along with a combined desert and links golf course 

The private marina will not only be the largest in the Middle East, but an international sea-gateway for yachts to visit Egypt. Located just outside of Marsa Alam, that project is scheduled for completion in 2004, though the marina may open as early as this year (2002). By then, even conservative estimates indicate that some 4,000 hotel rooms will be available in and around Marsa Alam. Senior Counselor for the investment group involved in this project, James Pringle, explains:

"Our vision is to create a world-class integrated resort community, recognized globally as a model for environmental conservation, cultural preservation, design creativity and beauty, and diversity of experiences and facilities…a community where life is colorful, exciting and varied yet balanced with the serenity and peace that comes from being in harmony with nature…a development that excites, pleases and rewards the developer, investor and holiday-maker alike.”

Only a short time ago, it would seem that most of the accommodations here were tent camps, but even now, many new, fine hotels have been built. However, for the moment, the primary reason to visit the mainland Red Sea community is for the snorkeling and diving. This whole coast line is one huge reef of exceptional quality with new dive sites being discovered all the time. Dive sites such as Elphinstone (famous for its hammerheads!) and Dolphin Reef, previously only accessible to southern Red Sea liveaboards, can now be dived by day boats from Marsa Alam. Also, only recently opened to divers here, is access to the famous St Johns Reef. To quote one diver just starting out on the first dive on a trip to Marsa Alam, "Oh my, it's clear! deep. deep blue, and fish so many, what's that? a Lionfish, a Parrotfish, A Triggerfish, A Blue Spotted Ray....it's warm, its blue and it's beautiful". It should also be noted that a nature reserve stretches from here to Gebel Elba in the south. .The primary dive sites in the area include:

Elphinstone Reef 

With sheer walls plunging down to over 70 meters, Elphinstone Reef is the mythic dive site of the south. The walls plunge deep into the blue, richly decorated with soft, bright pink, red, white and brown corals, sponges, gorgonias and fans. Pelargics often swim by the spot to feed on the abundant reef fish population, but many other species, including dophins, fusiliers, jacks, snappers groupers and wrasse may also be seen. The northern plateau is home to schooling hammerheads with frequent sightings of oceanic gray white tip sharks, along with Barracuda, numerous big Jacks and even Tuna. 

Abu Dabab

No Information available at this time.

Shaab Marsa Alam 

Large reef in front of the last southern civilian town on the Egyptian coastline. Corals gardens formed near huge coral blocks 'porites' and shoals of banners, goatfish, snappers and jacks. 

Shaab Samadai 

A horseshoe shaped reef creates a shallow turquoise water lagoon where a large herd of spinner dolphins live permanently. Others often show up around noon for a rest and to teach their babies how to hunt.  Several dives are found on its outer walls. The western tip provides a large group of pinnacles rising to the surface from a carpet of sea grass, populated by schools of reef fish. 

Daedalus Reef 

A huge round reef with a lighthouse more than 40 miles away from the coast, features an excellent opportunity for spotting big pelargics all around its steep walls with an extreme variety of fish and coral. Strong currents possible. 

Shaab Sharm (Gota Sharm)

Big reef with big walls, hammerhead and grey reef sharks in summer, malabar grouper, baracudas, and schooling reef fish the rest of the year. Currents, soft corals and giant fans. 

Habili Gamal

No Information available at this time.

Abu Galawa Soraya

No Information available at this time.

Abu Galawa 

On 'Fury Shoal' group, this reef has a good hard coral garden on the north side, and a wreck of an old tug boat fully covered with corals leaning on a pinnacle on the south side. 

Shaab Mansour (Shaab Maksur)

Good dives on both north and south plateaus, with strong currents which favour the growth of all types of coral, inclucing black, soft and fans. Sharks, napolean and tuna fish. 

Shaab Claude

No Information available at this time.

Sataya (Dolphin Reef)

Also named 'Dolphin Reef', huge barrier reef that offers a sheltered inner lagoon and shear walls on the outside schooling hammerhead, large tuna fish and jacks. 

Zabargat (Zabargad)

Enormous mountain coming out of the water surrounded by a lagoon and circling reef, . A couple of wrecks and some decent diving with a great variety of both corals and reef fish. In addition, the island itself was most probably mined by ancient Egyptians for precious stones.

Rocky Island (North, East and South Coasts)

Tiny rock emerging a few feet out of the water, it offers one of the most incredible underwater scenarios of the whole Red Sea. Steep walls falling into the deep blue, currents, soft corals and a great abundance of pelargics and all kinds of fish. 

Erg Diab

No Information available at this time.

On 'Fury Shoal' group, this reef has a good hard coral garden on the north side, and a
wreck of an old tug boat fully covered with corals leaning on a pinnacle on the south
side. 

St Johns Reefs

No Information available at this time.

References also tell us that there is a rest house belonging to the Dokki Shooting Club located at Marsa Alam that can arrange fishing expeditions, but this information is old, and we have not been able to verify whether they continue to arrange fishing trips.