It is evident from the tubular projections at both ends that
the beetle, or
scarab, was attached to a larger ornament, and
the damaged condition of the projection at the back end suggests
that the missing part was torn from the scarab by the ancient
robbers. What is surprising is that they should have discarded
an object that contained so much gold. The blue inlay on the
back was first identified by
Carter as lapis lazuli, and it
seems to show all the characteristic markings of that stone, but
in the brief description of the scarab in his card catalogue the
material is said to be glass. The inlay is, however, composed of
several small pieces fitted together; such a method of
construction would not be suitable for glass, which could be
molded to the shape of each cloison, but it would be the most
convenient way of using lapis lazuli.
Beneath the openwork
legs are two gold plates soldered together, the lower embossed
with a scene, the chief features of which are figures of
Tutankhamun and the gods Atum and Ra-Harakhty. The king, whose
throne name Nebkheperura is engraved in a cartouche near his
head, wears the so-called atef crown with ram's horns and four
uraei with sun's disks above the striped royal
headdress (nemes)
with uraeus. A corselet covers his shoulders and the upper part
of his body. A pointed kilt with apron and an animal's tail,
suspended from the back of the girdle of the apron, complete his
attire. The gods stand one on each side of him holding his
hands, and they also are shown with pendent tails, like the
king's, and wearing kilts. Ra-Harakhty, with falcon's head
surmounted by the sun's disk and uraeus, extends, with his left
hand, the sign of life (ankh) to the nostrils of the king. He is
described in the accompanying inscription as "Ra-Harakhty, the
great god of
Heliopolis, lord of heaven and lord of earth." In a
corresponding inscription Atum is called "Atum, lord of the Two
Lands of Heliopolis, great god, lord of heaven and lord of
earth." Above the king's crown is the sun's disk, flanked by
uraei; at its base are seven pendent ankh symbols, relics of the
Amarna custom of terminating the rays of the sun with hands
holding these symbols.
In a separate compartment, beneath the feet of the three
figures, is a design composed of two identical antithetical
groups facing the sema sign for unification supported by
intertwined lily and papyrus stems and flowers, emblems of Upper
and Lower Egypt. Each of the groups has as its principal element
a lapwing (Vanellus cristatus) with human arms and hands
projecting from its chest and reaching towards the symbol for
unification. Beneath the arms are a five pointed star and a
basket, the latter serving as a perch for the bird. They are all
hieroglyphic signs and in combination with the sema sign they
may be translated: "Adoration by all the people of the
unification of Upper and Lower Egypt". The whole composition is
a heraldic device recalling the unification of Upper and Lower
Egypt under one crown by Menes, the first dynastic king.
The scarab was found in the antechamber inside a gilded
chest, where it had presumably been placed by the necropolis
staff when they were collecting together the objects removed by
the robbers from their original containers and left in disorder
scattered about the tomb. To judge from the character of the
scene on the plate, its purpose was to commemorate an important
event in the life of the king, which seems to have occurred
early in his reign if the ankh signs at the base of sun's disk
are a legacy from Amarna. What that event might be is not
revealed by the inscriptions, but it is possible that it was one
of the ceremonies in Tutankhamun's coronation, when "the crowns
of Atum were assembled" and he was crowned either with each in
turn by priests impersonating the particular god with whom a
crown was associated or with one-perhaps the khepresh-that
symbolized all the crowns. This scene may therefore represent
Atum placing the atef crown on the king's head with his upraised
right hand while Ra-Harakhty gives him life. If this is the
correct interpretation, the scarab would be part of
Tutankhamun's coronation regalia.