In the time of
Tutankhamun a woman might sit on a chair, a
rigid stool or even on a hassock, but, to judge from
scenes painted on the walls of tombs, not on a
folding stool; it seems to have been a male
prerogative. Many examples of such stools have been
found, two in the
tomb of Tutankhamun with fragments of leather
seats still adhering to their upper crossbars.
This stool, having an inflexible seat that is firmly
joined to the legs, is in reality rigid, but is is
an imitation of a folding stool with a leopard skin
seat.
Leopards were already extinct in Egypt in the
New Kingdom, but skins of the beast were regularly
included among the objects sent annually from
Nubia as tribute to the reigning pharaoh.
Organizing the collection and dispatch of this
tribute was one of the duties of the Egyptian
viceroy of Nubia. Tutankhamun's viceroy of Nubia was
a person named
Huy, and in his tomb at
Thebes there is a scene of himself accompanied
by Nubian princes presenting their tribute to
Tutankhamun, one of the objects being a folding
stool with a seat of leopard skin.
The African leopard's skin being buff color, it
is perhaps strange that the seat of this stool
should have been carved in ebony, a black material;
the markings are made of ivory inlay and are
therefore light in color, the result being a
reversal of the contrast in nature. Nevertheless,
the pattern of the markings, as a mixture of spots
and hollow rosettes, is fairly true to nature,
though somewhat stylized. The tail, hanging down
from one end of a narrow strip of red wood running
along the middle of the seat and probably
representing the backbone, is disproportionately
short in relation to the length of the skin; the
ivory inlay at the tip, marked with longer hairs, is
peculiar. Probably the four paws were represented on
the overhang at the corners of the stool but were
wrenched off by the robbers, leaving visible scars,
because the claws were made of gold. Fortunately the
handsome gold bands with decorated rings on the legs
and at the ends of the bottom bars were left
untouched, as were the two gold caps covering the
ends of the pivotal pins.
If the four feet were placed at the corners of
the seat, it would explain why the legs, which are
also made of ebony with ivory inlay, are not those
of a leopard but are in the form of ducks' necks and
heads, holding the crossbars in their bills. The
stool in Huy's tomb has legs representing a
leopard's paws, which would seem more natural to us.
Ducks' heads and necks were, however, so commonly
reproduced in the design of folding stools that the
ancient Egyptians would not have been conscious of
any incongruity in this combination of
bird and mammal elements. Indeed, it may be
regarded as evidence that the stool was made in
Egypt from materials (probably including the gold)
brought from Nubia, rather than that it came
ready-made with a delivery of tribute.