Egyptian kings, when they ascended the throne,
assumed four names and titles besides the name that
they already possessed and to which the title "Son
of Ra" was added. In formal documents, particularly
those carved on
monuments to record historical
events and personal achievements, all five names and
titles might be written, but the usual practice was
to employ only the throne and personal names, both
of which were written, as a rule, within cartouches. If
space was too restricted to allow room for more than
one name, it was generally the throne name that was
chosen. Several pieces among
Tutankhamun's jewelry
bear only the throne name, Nebkheperura, without a
title. It was spelled with three signs, representing
a basket (neb), a beetle, to which three
vertical strokes were added to indicate the plural (kheperu),
and the sun's disk (ra). The name of the
sun-god Ra was written first for honorific reasons
and the basket was written last because, when the
name was written in an upright cartouche, the sign
filled the rounded base of the cartouche. In one
respect only does the name show any variation: the
beetle may or may not have wings, but the reading is
unaffected by their presence or absence.
The
pendant illustrated here is an example of the
writing of the throne name without the addition of
the title "king of Upper and Lower Egypt." In common
with other pendants of its kind among Tutankhamun's
jewelry, the scarab is disproportionately large. It
is made of very heavy gold plate, finely chased on
both the upper and the lower surfaces. The sun's
disk, inlaid with carnelian and flanked by pendent
uraei, is held in the front claws (one broken) of
the scarab, thus reproducing the action of the
beetle in nature. Beneath the scarab, and separated
from it by the three strokes indicating the plural,
is the basket, made of gold and inlaid with blue
glass. Fragments of what seem to have been the
beaded borders of wings remain attached to the left
side of the basket and the right-hand edge of the
sun's disk. The surviving traces do not appear to
fit a cartouche or, at the base, an additional band
of gold, as suggested by
Carter. A gold eyelet for
suspension is soldered to the back of the plate
bearing the sun's disk. Two rows of small gold
beads, found on the neck of the scarab, are not
shown in the photograph, but some blue and gold
beads can be seen between the left-hand uraeus and
the head.