Tutankhamun's small shrine is in the form of the
sanctuary of
Nekhbet mounted on a sledge. It is made
of wood overlaid with a layer of gesso and covered
with sheet gold. The wooden sledge is overlaid with
silver.
Carter was of the opinion that the gesso was
first modeled in relief and the plain sheet gold was
then pressed against it until it had registered the
impression of the modeling, the outer face of the
gold being finally chased. It seems doubtful,
however, whether the gesso, even reinforced by
gossamer-like linen, which a recent examination has
shown to be present on both faces of the exposed
gesso on the inside of one of the doors, would have
had the strength to withstand the amount of pressure
and friction involved in the process. If this doubt
is valid, the scenes and inscriptions must have been
worked on the gold itself; the gold sheets would
then have been put face downward on a flat surface
and covered with a piece of linen; the gesso in a
liquid state would have been poured on the back of
the linen so that it filled the depressions on the
reverse side of the gold and, while it was still
soft, the second piece of linen would have been
applied to the outer surface. The purpose of the
gesso would thus have been to give support to the
decoration on the gold and to provide a flat surface
for attachment to the wooden walls, roof, and door.
Every exposed surface of the shrine is covered with
scenes, inscriptions, or some other kind of
decoration, all in relief, of which the following
are the principal:
Roof: Fourteen vultures of the goddess
Nekhbet, with outstretched wings, are represented in
relief on the top of the roof, seven on each side of
a single column of inscription giving the
names and titles of the king and queen. The vultures
hold in their talons the
hieroglyphic sign for
"infinity" (shen). Cartouches bearing the
names of either the king or the queen occupy the
space at each side of the talons. On the front of
the roof is the winged disk of Horus of Behdet, the
place being named in the inscriptions at the tips of
the wings. A winged uraeus with the "infinity" sign
between its wings occupies the entire length of each
of the vertical sides of the roof.
Front: Beneath the roof on all four sides
and projecting outward at the top is a cavetto
cornice with a torus molding at the base. The whole
of the front of the shrine is in the form of a
doorway, the lintel of which is decorated with the
winged disk of Horus of Behdet and the jambs bear
inscriptions describing the king as "the son of
Ptah
and
Sekhmet", and as "the image of Ra who does what
is beneficial to him who begat him". In each case he
is proclaimed as "beloved of [the goddess] Uret
Hekau", a name meaning "The Great Enchantress", who
is called in another inscription on the shrine "Lady
of the Palace".
Each of the two doors is provided at the top and
bottom with pivots, which fit into sockets, one in
the lintel and the other in the floor of the sledge,
and with a silver bolt that slides through two gold
staples into a third staple in the other door. Two
additional staples, side by side in the middle of
each door, were intended for a sealed tie. On the
outer faces of the door are representations of
incidents in the daily life of the king and queen,
arranged in three panels on each door. The uppermost
panel on the left had door shows the queen in a
plumed
headdress standing with hands upraised before
the king, who hold in his right hand the crook and
scepter and in his left a lapwing. In the
corresponding panel on the right hand door and on
both the middle panels, the queen holds out bunches
of flowers toward the king and in the middle panel
on the right she also holds a sistrum. The queen's
headdress in two of these scenes is surmounted by a
cone of unguent, flanked in one instance by uraei
with the sun's disk. In the middle panels the king
is seated on a stool and on a chair, both with thick
cushions. He wears the blue crown on the left and
the nemes headdress on the right. In the bottom
panels, on the left side, the queen holds the king's
arm with both hands and, on the right, the king's
hand with her left hand, while extending a blue
lotus and buds toward him in her right hand.
The gold overlay from the inner face of the left
hand door is lost, but it is evident from the
damaged impression on the surviving gesso that its
decoration was very similar to that of the right
hand door. Sandwiched between two panels that are
entirely filled with the king's cartouches and
supporting uraei is another scene of the queen
holding a bunch of flowers and a sistrum toward the
king. In this case her headdress is surmounted by
lyriform horns and the sun's disk with two high
plumes. At the bottom are two lapwings with
outstretched human arms, both mounted on the
hieroglyphic sign for "all" (neb) and having
a five pointed star (dua) beneath the arms,
thus forming a kind of monogram meaning "adoration
of all people".
Sides: The toprails and two stiles of both
sides are inscribed with the names and titles of the
king and queen, followed by the words "beloved of
the Great Enchantress" with or without the epithet
"Lady of the Palace".
On the left side, in the upper register, the king
stands in a boat made of papyrus stems throwing a
boomerang, but the quarry - wild fowl rising from
the papyrus marshes - is not shown. The queen stands
behind him as an onlooker; in her left hand she
holds a flail or perhaps a fly whisk. The king, who
wears a corselet on the upper part of his body and
over it two representations of falcons, holds in his
left hand four birds that may represent his "bag" or
may be tame fowl used as decoys. In the clump of
papyrus behind the prow of the boat can be seen a
nest with two fledglings. The right hand portion of
this register is occupied with a scene that,
although different in detail, repeats the theme of
the bottom panel on the outside of the left hand
door. In the present setting it seems out of place.
A second fowling scene is represented in the
lower register. The action is not conducted from a
boat, but on the bank at the edge of a papyrus
swamp. The king is seated on a stool with a thick
cushion, his tame lion is by his side, and the queen
squats on a cushion at his feet. Behind his head is
the vulture of Nekhbet. He is in the act of shooting
an arrow at birds rising from the swamp, one of
which has already been hit. The string of his bow
has been delineated by the artist as though it
passed around the king's neck. His quiver hands down
behind him, suspended on a strap from his shoulder.
The queen holds an arrow in her hand, ready to pass
it to the king. With her other hand she seems to be
pointing at the fledglings in the nest, perhaps
urging the king to take care not to hurt them.
The other (right) side has four scenes, all of an
unusual kind. In the left of the top register the
queen extends toward the king a sistrum and a
necklace with an elaborate counterpoise. At the
front of the counterpoise are the head and shoulders
of a goddess, surmounted by cow's horns and the
sun's disk and having the uraeus on her brow. Human
hands project from beneath her collar, each hand
holding a sign for "life" (ankh) toward the
king. The identity of the goddess is revealed as the
Great Enchantress in the inscription beneath the
necklace. Addressing the king, the queen says:
"Adoration in peace, receive the Great Enchantress,
O Ruler, beloved of Amun!"
In the second scene in the top register the king,
seated on a cushioned chair, holds out a vessel
containing flowers and the queen pours water into
the vessel from a vase in her right hand. In her
left hand she holds a lotus flower and bud and a
poppy.
On the left of the lower register the king pours
water from a vessel into the cupped right hand of
the queen. Her left elbow rests on his knee. The
king, holding a bouquet of lotus flowers and
poppies, sits on a stool covered with a cushion and
an animal skin. What appear to be balls under the
claw feet are in reality the ends of rounded
crossbars. In the right hand scene the queen is
tying the king's floral collar behind his neck while
he sits in a chair festooned with flowers. Nekhbet's
vulture hovers over his head.
Back: Two scenes decorate the back. In the
uppermost the queen stoops toward the king, her
right hand touching his left arm. In her left hand
she holds, in addition to a bunch of lotus flowers
and buds hanging downward, an unguent-cone holder
mounted on a stand and decorated with lotus flowers.
A comparable scene on the back panel of the golden
throne found in the tomb shows the queen anointing
the king with unguent from a vessel; the scene on
the shrine seems to represent an action of a very
similar kind.
In the lower scene the king, seated on a throne
and wearing the crown of Lower Egypt, raises his
left hand to receive from the queen two notched palm
ribs, the hieroglyphic signs for "years". Within
these signs are the symbols for jubilee festivals
and also
amuletic signs in groups. They are attached
at the bottom to single tadpoles - the sign for "one
hundred thousand" - mounted on the sign for
"infinity". The inscription behind the king reads:
"The Son of Ra, Lord of crowns, Tutankhamun has
appeared in glory on the throne of Horus like Ra".
In spite of the intimate nature of the scenes in
general, at least three - the two on the back wall
and the presentation of the necklace and
counterpoise - depict episodes in the coronation of
the king; they are, moreover, ceremonies for which
there is some evidence that, in the late Eighteenth
Dynasty, they were performed by the queen. It seems
likely, therefore, that one of the purposes of the
shrine was to commemorate the king's coronation, and
through the processes of magic to renew his
coronation, and through the processes of magic to
renew his coronation in the afterlife.